When there is water on the floor of your basement, it could be a number of reasons from:
* a busted pipe
* a crack in the wall where water is seeping through
* your kid playing Aquadoodle at home 
Chances are, it’s the second one as it’s the most common source of water leakages in basements. It can happen when the foundation is settling, causing cracks. It could also be an improper drainage problem, damaging the foundation wall.
If you can find the real culprit, first thing to do is to get rid of it to prevent further damage. If its improper downspout drainage, reroute the water elsewhere where it can’t damage your home. If it’s something else, try to get help from a qualified repairman.
For small cracks, you can plug it with hydrostatic cement. If possible, try to seal it from the outside to avoid any further damage. For larger holes, there’s no choice but to fix it from outside the structure. Dig through the land and repair the damage with hydraulic cement. Afterwards, waterproof the exterior basement wall to prevent similar problems.